Decisions with Reusable Prompts and Native .NET Functions

#r "nuget: Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration, 10.0.8"
#r "nuget: Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json, 10.0.8"
#r "nuget: System.Text.Json, 10.0.8"

using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.Json;
using Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration;
using System.IO;
using System;

var configurationBuilder = new ConfigurationBuilder()
    .SetBasePath(Directory.GetCurrentDirectory())
    .AddJsonFile("local.settings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true)
    .AddJsonFile("secrets.settings.json", optional: true, reloadOnChange: true);
var config = configurationBuilder.Build();

// IMPORTANT: You ONLY NEED either Azure OpenAI or OpenAI connection info, not both.
// Azure OpenAI Connection Info
var azureOpenAIEndpoint = config["AzureOpenAI:Endpoint"];
var azureOpenAIAPIKey = config["AzureOpenAI:APIKey"];
var azureOpenAIModelDeploymentName = config["AzureOpenAI:ModelDeploymentName"];
// OpenAI Connection Info 
var openAIAPIKey = config["OpenAI:APIKey"];
var openAIModelId = config["OpenAI:ModelId"];

// Import the Microsoft Extensions AI NuGet Packages
#r "nuget: Microsoft.Extensions.AI, 10.6.0"
#r "nuget: Microsoft.Extensions.AI.Abstractions, 10.6.0"
#r "nuget: Microsoft.Extensions.AI.OpenAI, 10.6.0"
// Import Azure & OpenAI NuGet Packages
#r "nuget: Azure.AI.OpenAI, 2.9.0-beta.1"
#r "nuget: Azure.Identity, 1.21.0"
#r "nuget: OpenAI, 2.10.0"

using Azure.AI.OpenAI;
using Microsoft.Extensions.AI;
using OpenAI;
using OpenAI.Responses;
using System.ClientModel;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Text.Json;

// Set the flag to use Azure OpenAI or OpenAI. False to use OpenAI, True to use Azure OpenAI
var useAzureOpenAI = true;

// Create the IChatClient based on the selected service
IChatClient chatClient;

#pragma warning disable OPENAI001

if (useAzureOpenAI)
{
    Console.WriteLine("Using Azure OpenAI Service");

    var apiKeyCredential = new ApiKeyCredential(azureOpenAIAPIKey);
    var azureOpenAIClient = new AzureOpenAIClient(new Uri(azureOpenAIEndpoint), apiKeyCredential);

    // Get the ResponsesClient from AzureOpenAIClient and adapt it to Microsoft.Extensions.AI.
    var responsesClient = azureOpenAIClient.GetResponsesClient();
    chatClient = responsesClient.AsIChatClient(defaultModelId: azureOpenAIModelDeploymentName);
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("Using OpenAI Service");

    var apiKeyCredential = new ApiKeyCredential(openAIAPIKey);
    var openAIClient = new OpenAIClient(apiKeyCredential);

    // Get the ResponsesClient from OpenAIClient and adapt it to Microsoft.Extensions.AI.
    var responsesClient = openAIClient.GetResponsesClient();
    chatClient = responsesClient.AsIChatClient(defaultModelId: openAIModelId);
}

#pragma warning restore OPENAI001

var decisionIntelligenceSystemPrompt = """
You are a Decision Intelligence assistant.
Help the user explore options, evaluate tradeoffs, reason through uncertainty, solve problems,
and apply systems thinking to personal, professional, strategic, and operational decisions.

Provide responses that are structured, logical, and thorough.
Aim to improve the user's judgment rather than make choices for them.
Be balanced, analytical, and pragmatic.
Adapt depth and complexity to the user's context.
""";

async Task<string> RunPromptAsync(string prompt, ChatOptions? options = null)
{
    ChatResponse response = await chatClient.GetResponseAsync(prompt, options);
    return response.Text ?? string.Empty;
}

async Task<string> RunDecisionPromptAsync(string userPrompt, ChatOptions? options = null)
{
    var chatMessages = new List<ChatMessage>
    {
        new(ChatRole.System, decisionIntelligenceSystemPrompt),
        new(ChatRole.User, userPrompt)
    };

    ChatResponse response = await chatClient.GetResponseAsync(chatMessages, options);
    return response.Text ?? string.Empty;
}

static string GetFunctionResultText(object? result)
{
    if (result is null)
    {
        return string.Empty;
    }

    if (result is JsonElement jsonElement)
    {
        return jsonElement.ValueKind == JsonValueKind.String
            ? jsonElement.GetString() ?? string.Empty
            : jsonElement.ToString();
    }

    return result.ToString() ?? string.Empty;
}

// Simple prompt to list some decision frameworks this GenAI LLM is familiar with
var decisionFrameworksPromptTemplate = """
Identify and list various decision-making frameworks that can enhance the quality of decisions. 
Briefly describe how each framework supports better analysis and reasoning in different decision-making scenarios.

Output Format Instructions: 
When generating Markdown, do not use any headings higher than ###. 
Avoid # and ## headers. Use only ###, ####, or lower-level headings if necessary. 
All top-level section headers should start at ### or lower. 
Never use ---, ***, or ___ for horizontal lines. There should be no horizontal lines in the output.
For separation, use extra extra spacing. Do not any render horizontal lines.
Format the response using only a Markdown table. Only return a Markdown table. 
Do not enclose the table in triple backticks.
""";

// Treat the prompt template as a reusable local function that invokes the AI Extensions IChatClient.
async Task<string> RunDecisionFrameworksPromptAsync(ChatOptions? options = null)
{
    return await RunDecisionPromptAsync(decisionFrameworksPromptTemplate, options);
}

var decisionFrameworksResponseText = await RunDecisionFrameworksPromptAsync();
decisionFrameworksResponseText.DisplayAs("text/markdown");

// Takes input variables and creates a dynamic prompt that can be used to invoke the GenAI model.
string CreateDecisionFrameworkPrompt(int numberOfFrameworks, string decisionType)
{
    return $"""
        Identify and list {numberOfFrameworks} decision-making frameworks that can enhance the quality of decisions. 
        Briefly describe how each framework supports better analysis and reasoning in {decisionType} decision-making scenarios.

        Output Format Instructions: 
        When generating Markdown, do not use any headings higher than ###. 
        Avoid # and ## headers. Use only ###, ####, or lower-level headings if necessary. 
        All top-level section headers should start at ### or lower. 
        Never use ---, ***, or ___ for horizontal lines. There should be no horizontal lines in the output.
        For separation, use extra extra spacing. Do not any render horizontal lines.
        Format the response using only a Markdown table. Only return a Markdown table. 
        Do not enclose the table in triple backticks.
        """;
}

// Create the chat options. 
//Try changing the settings to see how they affect the quality of generated text.
#pragma warning disable OPENAI001

var decisionFrameworkChatOptions = new ChatOptions
{
    RawRepresentationFactory = _ => new OpenAI.Responses.CreateResponseOptions
    {
        Model = useAzureOpenAI ? azureOpenAIModelDeploymentName : openAIModelId,
        ReasoningOptions = new OpenAI.Responses.ResponseReasoningOptions
        {
            ReasoningEffortLevel = OpenAI.Responses.ResponseReasoningEffortLevel.Medium,
            ReasoningSummaryVerbosity = OpenAI.Responses.ResponseReasoningSummaryVerbosity.Detailed
        },
        StoredOutputEnabled = false
    }
};

#pragma warning restore OPENAI001

// Dynamically set the number of frameworks and decision type -> strategic
var strategicDecisionFrameworkPrompt = CreateDecisionFrameworkPrompt(
    numberOfFrameworks: 3,
    decisionType: "Long-Term strategic with probabilistic outcomes");

var strategicDecisionFrameworkResponseText = await RunDecisionPromptAsync(
    strategicDecisionFrameworkPrompt,
    decisionFrameworkChatOptions);

strategicDecisionFrameworkResponseText.DisplayAs("text/markdown");

// Dynamically set the number of frameworks and decision type -> requiring fast action
var rapidDecisionFrameworkPrompt = CreateDecisionFrameworkPrompt(
    numberOfFrameworks: 5,
    decisionType: "Quick to Implement for rapid Decision-Making");

// Note: The invocation has NOT changed, only the dynamic prompt inputs have changed.
var rapidDecisionFrameworkResponseText = await RunDecisionPromptAsync(
    rapidDecisionFrameworkPrompt,
    decisionFrameworkChatOptions);

rapidDecisionFrameworkResponseText.DisplayAs("text/markdown");

// Import the Microsoft.DotNet.Interactive namespace for user input
using Microsoft.DotNet.Interactive;

var totalNetWorth = await Microsoft.DotNet.Interactive.Kernel.GetInputAsync("Michael's total net worth in dollars: ");
var levelOfCompetition = await Microsoft.DotNet.Interactive.Kernel.GetInputAsync("Level of competition with other restaurants (Low, Medium, High): ");
var levelOfFamilySupport = await Microsoft.DotNet.Interactive.Kernel.GetInputAsync("Level of support from Michael's friends and family (Low, Medium, High): ");

Console.WriteLine($"Michael's Net Worth: {totalNetWorth}");
Console.WriteLine($"Level of Restaurant Competition: {levelOfCompetition}");
Console.WriteLine($"Michael's level of Family Support: {levelOfFamilySupport}");
Console.WriteLine();

// Takes dynamic inputs and creates a personalized prompt that can be used to invoke the model.
var restaurantDecisionRecommendationPrompt = $"""
Michael is a 35-year-old professional chef who is considering opening his own restaurant. 
This is a significant life decision that could greatly impact his career and personal life. 
Michael is looking for a recommendation on how to approach this.
Some key information about Michael:
- Michael's total net worth is (in US dollars) ${totalNetWorth}.
- The level of competition with other restaurants is {levelOfCompetition}.
- The level of support from Michael's friends and family is {levelOfFamilySupport}.

Based on this information, what recommendation would you give to Michael regarding opening his own restaurant?

Output Format Instructions: 
When generating Markdown, do not use any headings higher than ###. 
Avoid # and ## headers. Use only ###, ####, or lower-level headings if necessary. 
All top-level section headers should start at ### or lower. 
Never use ---, ***, or ___ for horizontal lines. There should be no horizontal lines in the output.
For separation, use extra extra spacing. Do not any render horizontal lines.
Format the response using only a Markdown table. Only return a Markdown table. 
Do not enclose the table in triple backticks.
Provide a small Decision Summary of the recommendation below the table.
""";


#pragma warning disable OPENAI001

// Create the chat options. Try changing the settings to see how they affect the quality of generated text.
var restaurantDecisionChatOptions = new ChatOptions
{
    RawRepresentationFactory = _ => new OpenAI.Responses.CreateResponseOptions
    {
        Model = useAzureOpenAI ? azureOpenAIModelDeploymentName : openAIModelId,
        ReasoningOptions = new OpenAI.Responses.ResponseReasoningOptions
        {
            ReasoningEffortLevel = OpenAI.Responses.ResponseReasoningEffortLevel.Medium,
            ReasoningSummaryVerbosity = OpenAI.Responses.ResponseReasoningSummaryVerbosity.Detailed
        },
        StoredOutputEnabled = false
    }
};

var restaurantDecisionRecommendationResponseText = await RunDecisionPromptAsync(
    restaurantDecisionRecommendationPrompt,
    restaurantDecisionChatOptions);

restaurantDecisionRecommendationResponseText.DisplayAs("text/markdown");

#pragma warning restore OPENAI001

// Create an AIFunction from an inline C# method.
var nameOfProductivityFramework = AIFunctionFactory.Create(
    (Func<string>)(() => "Price's Law"),
    new AIFunctionFactoryOptions
    {
        Name = "GetNameOfProductivityFramework",
        Description = "Retrieves the name of the Productivity Framework to use."
    });

// Invoke the function directly with AI Extensions.
var response = await nameOfProductivityFramework.InvokeAsync(new AIFunctionArguments());
Console.WriteLine(GetFunctionResultText(response));

// Create an AIFunction from an inline C# method with parameters.
var nameOfProductivityFrameworkByType = AIFunctionFactory.Create(
    (Func<string, string>)(typeOfProductivity => typeOfProductivity == "Sales" ? "Price's Law" : "Pareto Principle"),
    new AIFunctionFactoryOptions
    {
        Name = "GetNameOfProductivityFramework",
        Description = "Retrieves the name of the Productivity Framework to use."
    });

// Pass the "Sales" parameter to the function.
var salesResponse = await nameOfProductivityFrameworkByType.InvokeAsync(new AIFunctionArguments
{
    ["typeOfProductivity"] = "Sales"
});
Console.WriteLine(GetFunctionResultText(salesResponse));

// Pass the "Other" parameter to the function.
var otherResponse = await nameOfProductivityFrameworkByType.InvokeAsync(new AIFunctionArguments
{
    ["typeOfProductivity"] = "Other"
});
Console.WriteLine(GetFunctionResultText(otherResponse));

string RetrieveMonteCarloDistributionMarkdown(
    [Description("Claimed Probability Percentage")] int probability)
{
    if (probability < 0 || probability > 100)
    {
        throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(nameof(probability), "Probability must be between 0 and 100.");
    }

    const int NUMBEROFSIMULATIONS = 100000; // 100,000 simulations, make this smaller for faster results
    const int NUMBEROFDECISIONS = 100;
    const int MAXIMUMBARWIDTH = 24;

    var random = new Random(42); // Fixed seed keeps notebook output reproducible
    var successfulOutcomesPerSimulation = new List<int>();
    var outcomeDistribution = new Dictionary<int, int>();

    for (int i = 0; i != NUMBEROFSIMULATIONS; i++) // Bootstrap Simulations (bootstrap estimates)
    {
        var successfulDecisions = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j != NUMBEROFDECISIONS; j++)
        {
            var randomIndex = random.Next(0, 100);

            if (randomIndex < probability)
            {
                successfulDecisions++;
            }
        }

        successfulOutcomesPerSimulation.Add(successfulDecisions);

        if (!outcomeDistribution.ContainsKey(successfulDecisions))
        {
            outcomeDistribution[successfulDecisions] = 0;
        }

        outcomeDistribution[successfulDecisions]++;
    }

    // Sort the success counts to calculate the central 95% simulated range.
    var successfulOutcomesSorted = successfulOutcomesPerSimulation.OrderBy(a => a).ToList();
    var lowerPercentileIndex = Convert.ToInt32(0.025 * NUMBEROFSIMULATIONS);
    var topPercentileIndex = Convert.ToInt32(0.975 * NUMBEROFSIMULATIONS);
    var lowerPercentile = successfulOutcomesSorted[lowerPercentileIndex];
    var upperPercentile = successfulOutcomesSorted[topPercentileIndex];

    var visibleOutcomes = Enumerable.Range(lowerPercentile, upperPercentile - lowerPercentile + 1).ToList();
    var maximumOutcomeCount = visibleOutcomes.Max(outcome =>
        outcomeDistribution.ContainsKey(outcome) ? outcomeDistribution[outcome] : 0);

    var distributionMarkdown = new System.Text.StringBuilder();
    distributionMarkdown.AppendLine($"### Monte Carlo Distribution ({probability}% Success Model)");
    distributionMarkdown.AppendLine();
    distributionMarkdown.AppendLine("```text");
    distributionMarkdown.AppendLine($"{NUMBEROFSIMULATIONS:n0} simulations, {NUMBEROFDECISIONS} decisions per simulation");
    distributionMarkdown.AppendLine($"Showing central 95% simulated range: {lowerPercentile} to {upperPercentile} successful outcomes");
    distributionMarkdown.AppendLine();

    foreach (var outcome in visibleOutcomes)
    {
        var simulationsAtOutcome = outcomeDistribution.ContainsKey(outcome) ? outcomeDistribution[outcome] : 0;
        var barWidth = simulationsAtOutcome == 0
            ? 0
            : Math.Max(1, Convert.ToInt32(Math.Round((double)simulationsAtOutcome / maximumOutcomeCount * MAXIMUMBARWIDTH)));
        var bar = new string('█', barWidth).PadRight(MAXIMUMBARWIDTH);
        distributionMarkdown.AppendLine($"{outcome,3} successes | {bar} {simulationsAtOutcome:n0}");
    }

    distributionMarkdown.AppendLine("```");
    return distributionMarkdown.ToString();
}

var retrieveMonteCarloDistribution = AIFunctionFactory.Create(
    (Func<int, string>)RetrieveMonteCarloDistributionMarkdown,
    new AIFunctionFactoryOptions
    {
        Name = "RetrieveMonteCarloDistributionMarkdown",
        Description = "Generates a Markdown distribution from a Monte Carlo simulation."
    });

// Change the probability to another integer and invoke the function to see other outcome distributions.
var monteCarloDistribution70 = await retrieveMonteCarloDistribution.InvokeAsync(new AIFunctionArguments
{
    ["probability"] = 70
});

var monteCarloDistributionMarkdown70 = GetFunctionResultText(monteCarloDistribution70);
monteCarloDistributionMarkdown70.DisplayAs("text/markdown");